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Background & aims: Vitamin D supplementation as an immunomodulator has been identified as a potential strat-egy to prevent and treat Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to analyze the effect of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation on 25(OH)D levels on primary clinical out-comes (conversion length), inflammatory markers (Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR)) and coagulation marker (D-Dimer) in moderate COVID-19 patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.Methods: We conducted a single-blind randomized -con-trolled trial on the confirmed moderate COVID-19 patients above 18 years old and low vitamin D status. Each of inter-vention and control groups were supplemented of 10,000 IU and 1000 IU cholecalciferol that taken daily for 2 weeks. Levels of 25(OH)D were analyzed for the primary endpoint (conversion length), then correlated to secondary endpoints (Length of Stay (LOS)), clinical manifestations improvement, and markers TLC, NLR, PLR, and D-Dimer serum, handgrip strength (HGS) as functional capacity measurement, after ad-justed to age, sex, nutritional status based on body mass in- dex (BMI) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool, co -morbidities, and anti-coagulant administration. Medical nutri-tional therapy was given and presented as energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat achievement, and vitamin D intake was also calculated.Results: A significant effects was found in 60 samples with pre-intervention vitamin D deficiency (61.7%) and insuffi-ciency (38.3%) status, and 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 supple-mentation could increase 25(OH)D levels within 2 weeks to reach sufficiency status (16.7%). The Vitamin D3 supplemen-tation of 10,000 IU and 1000 IU could significantly increase 25(OH)D levels compared to the control group of 1000 IU (4.61 +/- 5.43 vs.-0.29 +/- 2.72;P <0.0001) and it was correlated to primary clinical outcome, which is length of conversion (6.53 +/- 1.17 vs 10.47 +/- 2.56;P < 0.0001). The increase in HGS (6.61 +/- 3.01 vs. 4.04 +/- 4.44;P = 0.011), LOS (11.63 +/- 2.5 vs. 14.73 +/- 3.45;P = 0.001), and improvement in clinical mani-festations were found to be significant in both groups. We an-alyzed changes the effect of vitamin D supplementation in TLC, NLR, and D-Dimer as marker of coagulopathy associated COVID-19 on both groups that showed were not significant. Positive and significant correlation was only showed on PLR levels after intervention (r=0.368;P=0.045).Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D3 10,000 IU in moderate COVID-19 patients had a significant effect on 25(OH)D level, length of conversion, LOS, functional capacity, and PLR levels, but it has negative correlation in TLC, NLR, and D-Dimer levels.This study has been registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov data-base with the identification number NCT05126602.
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Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical fruit that is numerous in Indonesia. This fruit can be processed into various processed food products. This author writes this article to find out the potential of pineapple as a food product that can be anti-noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, and cancer. This article is written using the narrative review method where data are collected from literature studies, namely articles in journals, books, and other literature-based online on database portals and leading search engines such as PUBMED and NCBI, the official website of the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) and the European Phenols Explorer. The collected data are then analyzed, synthesized, discussed in the discussion, and general conclusions are drawn. The findings uncovered that pineapple contains polyphenols and antioxidant components, which are pretty high in concentration and could be useful as anti-NCDs. This fruit also has a proteolytic enzyme, bromelains, which is an immunomodulator against viral infections and diseases. This review concluded that pineapple fruit can be processed into various functional food products through several methods to maintain the content of polyphenols and antioxidants that have anti-NCDs potentials. It is necessary to process or execute this idea to identify and feel its benefits according to the research objectives, and in vivo, clinical trials are needed. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Rynnye Lyan Resources.
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Background/Objectives: Sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) are rich in macro-micronutrients, such as protein, minerals, folic acid, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), vitamin A, vitamin B1, and fiber.(1) Kombucha tea is a synbiotic fermented beverage that has many health benefits which fermentation process increases antioxidant levels in food products.(2) This study aims to evaluate the benefits of sea grapes kombucha tea, which include the amounts of vitamin C and its effect on Liver-Superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum in mice fed on cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet (CFED). Methods: The Kombucha tea in this study used the formulation of the previous study.(3) Vitamin C amounts were tested using the Titration-Iodometry method. Furthermore, 40 albino male (Mus musculus) mice weighing between 20-30 g were divided into four groups of ten each;group A as normal control (standard dry pellet diet), group B were fed CFED only, and C and D were fed CFED which given 150 and 300 mg/kgBW sea grapes kombucha tea (p.o.) for 4 weeks. This protocol has been registered at https://preclinicaltrials.eu (International Register of Preclinical Trials Protocols) PCTE0000258 and approved by the Ethics Committee RSUP Prof. Dr. RD. Kandou 100/EC/ KEPK-KANDOU/VI/2021. Statistical analysis in this study used The One-Way Anova SPSS 26.0. Results: Ascorbic acid amounts in this study kombucha tea was 1.45 ± 3.82 mg.mL-1. There was a significant difference in SOD levels between groups (p < 0.0001). SOD levels in group A, B, C, and D respectively 16.90 ± 2.82 U/mL;8.79 ± 0.67 U/mL;63.75 ± 4.55 U/mL and 80.27 ± 4.13 U/mL. Dosage of 300 mg/kgBW has significantly increased SOD activity (p < 0.0001) compared to 150 mg/kgBW. Discussion / Conclusion: The sea grapes kombucha tea has the potential to be a ready-to-drink beverage to meet daily vitamin C needs and increase SOD-Liver (Intracellular antioxidant). This study showed in line with previous study that consumption of ascorbic acid significantly increased the SOD activity in type-2 diabetes patients.(4) SOD plays a very important role as a defense against oxidative stress in the body.(5) Sea grapes kombucha tea has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory functional food and as a good immunomodulatory agent, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.